Planetary Polyp
Abstract
Colorectal polyps are abnormal tissue growths that protrude from the lining (mucosa) of the colon or rectum into the intestinal lumen. Polyps are classified morphologically based on their size, shape, color, and histopathology, particularly in relation to their malignancy potential and associated cancer risk. Globally, colorectal polyps are the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a rising incidence among males and individuals over the age of 45.
The most commonly observed pathway for colorectal cancer (CRC) development involves genetic mutations that drive abnormal cell proliferation. This includes the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, characterized by mutations in the APC tumor suppressor gene, and the serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence, involving MLH1 promoter hypermethylation that silences tumor suppressor genes. Due to the potential for malignant transformation of various polyp types, colonoscopy with polypectomy remains the primary strategy for CRC prevention.
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